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Nephelomys albigularis
''Nephelomys albigularis'', also known as the white-throated oryzomys〔 or Tomes's rice rat,〔Reid et al., 2008〕 is a species of rodent in the genus ''Nephelomys'' of family Cricetidae. Described in 1860, it was the first ''Nephelomys'' species to be discovered.〔 It was originally described in the defunct genus ''Hesperomys'' as ''Hesperomys albigularis'' and considered related to the much smaller ''H. longicaudatus'' (currently ''Oligoryzomys longicaudatus'').〔Tomes, 1860, p. 264〕 By 1894, it was placed in ''Oryzomys'', as ''Oryzomys albigularis'', and associated with what is now ''Nephelomys meridensis''.〔Thomas, 1894, p. 351〕 In the early 1960s, the scope of the species was considerably expanded to include most of the species that are now in ''Nephelomys'', as well as a single name, ''boliviae'', that is currently a synonym of ''Euryoryzomys nitidus''. From 1976 on, several of these were reinstated as separate species.〔Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1145〕
In 2006, a phylogenetic analysis by Marcelo Weksler of the oryzomyine tribe, in which both ''Oryzomys'' and ''Nephelomys'' are classified, provided strong evidence that ''Oryzomys'' as recognized then was a polyphyletic genus. ''O. albigularis'' and one of its former synonyms, ''O. levipes'', were included; they consistently clustered into a single group within a larger group that included species now placed in ''Hylaeamys'', ''Euryoryzomys'', ''Transandinomys'', ''Handleyomys'', and ''Oecomys''.〔Weksler, 2006〕 Accordingly, the group of species around ''O. albigularis'' was reclassified into a new genus, ''Nephelomys'', with ''albigularis'' as its type species. Since then, the species has been known as ''Nephelomys albigularis''.〔 Of the seven synonyms still placed under ''N. albigularis'' in 2005,〔 five were reclassified as separate species, ''N. childi'', ''N. maculiventer'', ''N. moerex'', ''N. pectoralis'', and ''N. pirrensis'', one (''oconnelli'') was placed under ''N. childi'', and the last (''villosus'') was not mentioned.〔
Before the other five species were recognized as separate, it was recorded as being distributed from northern Peru via the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia into eastern Panama and northwestern Venezuela.〔 No revised distribution has been published taking into account the recognition of the other species.〔Weksler et al., 2006, p. 18〕 These have type localities in Panama, Colombia, and western Ecuador; the type locality of ''N. albigularis'' itself is also in Ecuador.〔 It is known from montane forest at altitudes of 900 to 3300 m.〔 It is nocturnal and omnivorous.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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